Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 28, Issue 11 679-687, Copyright © 1998 by Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
S Tokudome, M Ikeda, Y Tokudome, N Imaeda, I Kitagawa and N Fujiwara
BACKGROUND: We designed a data-based semi-quantitative food frequency
questionnaire to clarify the relationship between food intake and
lifestyle-related diseases among middle-aged Japanese. METHODS: A total of
351 middle-aged individuals were recruited to a one-day weighed diet record
survey in 1994. In all, 586 foods were consumed. Intake of 31 nutrients
including energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and
dietary fiber by food was computed by multiplying the weight of food
consumed by its nutrient content. First, 252 foods with up to 90 cumulative
% contribution to nutrient intake were selected. Of these, foods having
apparently the same/similar nutrient content were combined into 206 foods
by research dietitians. Next, 183 foods with up to 0.90 cumulative multiple
regression coefficient and 90 cumulative % contribution were chosen. At
this stage an additional food grouping was made. RESULTS: Finally, 102
foods/recipes were included in the questionnaire: rice (2 items), bread and
noodles (11), eggs, milk and dairy products (10), soybean, soybean products
and other beans (7), meat including beef, pork and chicken (12), fish (5),
other fish, shellfish and fish products (10), green-yellow vegetables (8),
other vegetables and mushrooms (7), edible roots (2), seaweeds (3), seeds
(2), fruits (8), beverages (7) and confectioneries (8). The frequencies
were classified into eight categories. Portion size was calculated for the
respective foods largely from the one-day weighed diet record. CONCLUSIONS:
The developed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire substantially
covered the intake of 31 nutrients and may be competent to rank middle-aged
Japanese efficiently.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Development of data-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for dietary studies in middle-aged Japanese
Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan. tokudome@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
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