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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Advance Access originally published online on August 18, 2007
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007 37(8):568-574; doi:10.1093/jjco/hym062
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© 2007 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research

Alcohol Drinking and Breast Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence among the Japanese Population

Chisato Nagata1,, Tetsuya Mizoue2, Keitaro Tanaka3, Ichiro Tsuji4, Kenji Wakai5, Manami Inoue6, Shoichiro Tsugane for the Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan6

1 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu
2 Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo
3 Department of Preventive Medicine, Saga Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga
4 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
5 Department of Preventive Medicine/Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
6 Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

For reprints and all correspondence: Chisato Nagata, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. E-mail: chisato{at}gifu-u.ac.jp

Received December 22, 2006; accepted March 10, 2007

Background: We reviewed epidemiological studies on alcohol drinking and breast cancer among the Japanese population. This report is one among a series of articles by our research group evaluating the existing evidence concerning the association between health-related lifestyles and cancer.

Methods: Original data were obtained from MEDLINE searches using PubMed or from searches of the Ichushi database, complemented with manual searches. Evaluation of associations was based on the strength of evidence and the magnitude of association, together with biological plausibility as previously evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Results: Three cohort studies and eight case-control studies were identified. There were inconsistent results regarding alcohol drinking and breast cancer risk among cohort studies. A significant positive association was observed in one, but another showed nonsignificant inverse association. Out of the eight case-control studies, two studies showed a significantly increased risk among women who drink daily and who had higher intake of alcohol, respectively. Experimental studies have supported the biological plausibility of a positive association between alcohol drinking and breast cancer risk.

Conclusion: We conclude that epidemiologic evidence on the association between alcohol drinking and breast cancer risk remains insufficient in terms of both the number and methodological quality of studies among the Japanese population.

Key Words: systematic review • epidemiology • alcohol drinking • breast cancer • Japanese


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