Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005 35(7):420-423; doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi116
© 2005 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
Comparison of Leukemia Mortality in five Countries: France, Italy, Japan, UK and USA from the WHO Mortality Database (1960–2000)
Yuka Imamura1 and
Shoichi Mizuno2
1 Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center; 2 Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
Leukemia mortality age-standardized rates (ASRs; using 1985 Japanese standard population) are shown for France, Italy, Japan, UK and USA (Fig. 1). While males show much higher ASRs, trends are quite similar for both males and females in last four decades in these countries. Japan shows the lowest ASRs for both males and females compared with the other study countries. In France, Italy, UK and the USA, trends of ASRs similarly level off for both males and females. In Japan, after 1960, ASRs increase constantly until 1987, and then level off for males and decline for females in recent years.
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Figure 1. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASRs) for leukemia for males and females: age-standardized with 1985 Japanese standard population, rates per 100000.
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As for age specific mortality rates in leukemia (
Figures 2 and
3), similar trends are observed between males and females. In
Japan and Italy, trends for leukemia differ dramatically across
age groups: the mortality in younger age groups, such as those
under 50 years of age, decrease from the 1970s in both males
and females and, for elderly groups, mortality resulting from
leukemia among males increases notably from 1960 to 2000. In
countries except Japan, mortality rates for males stabilize
among the 55–64 year age groups after 1960.
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Figure 2. Age-specific rates for males over 40 years of age by year of death for leukemia in five countries, rates per 100000.
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Figure 3. Age specific rates for females over 40 years of age by year of death for leukemia in five countries, rates per 100000.
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In the USA and UK, mortality rates had leveled off over four
decades, regardless of age and sex.
Age specific mortality trends are shown according to year of birth (Figures 4 and 5). For all countries, similar trends are observed between males and females.
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Figure 4. Age specific rates for males over 40 years of age by birth cohort for leukemia in five countries, rates per 100000.
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Figure 5. Age specific rates for females over 40 years of age by birth cohort for leukemia in five countries, rates per 100000.
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In Japan, mortality of trends increases steeply for those born
between 1880 and 1920, but cohorts born after 1930 show a decreasing
trend for both males and females. As for birth cohorts around
1940, a bottoming-out trend is not observable because of the
continuous decreasing trend.
In France, Italy and the UK, mortality trends increase gradually until 1900, and then decrease for those born after 1900. For males and females in the USA, trends are almost stable for those born after 1900. Compared with the other four counties, the point of change appears later for Japanese males and females.
Note: Original data was downloaded from WHO Mortality Database (version as of August 2004). The data was then tabulated by I. Yoshimi with 204–207 (ICD-8), 204–208 (ICD-9), and C91–C95 (ICD-10). Responsibility for this presentation and interpretation lies with the authors, not the WHO Mortality Database.
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