Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005 35(8):488-491; doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi133
© 2005 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
Comparison of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Mortality in five Countries: France, Italy, Japan, UK and USA from the WHO Mortality Database (1960–2000)
S. Tanaka and
T. Sobue
Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center
Oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality age-standardized rates (ASRs; using 1985 Japanese standard population) are shown for Japan, USA, UK, France and Italy (Fig. 1). ASRs for males in Japan are lower than for males in other countries until the first half of the 1990s (Fig. 1, left), while those in France have always been highest. ASRs in the UK decreased slightly in the 1960s and reached a plateau in the 1970s. Those in USA, France and Italy also exhibit a decreasing trend after the 1980s. However, only the ASRs of males from Japan have constantly increased over this period. As a result of these increasing trends, ASRs of Japanese males reached those of males from the UK and USA in the late 1990s. For females (Fig. 1, right), the ASRs of oral and pharyngeal cancer in five countries show similar trends. Similar to males, ASRs of females from Japan are lower than the other four countries from 1960 to 2000, although currently the differences between ASRs of Japan and the other countries is smaller.
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Figure 1. Age-standardized mortality rates for oral and pharyngeal cancer for males and females: age-standardized with 1985 Japanese standard population, rates per 100 000.
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Mortality trends of oral and pharyngeal cancer in males by age
group are shown according to year of death (
Fig. 2). Trends
in the mortality rate among Italian and French males peak after
the 1980s and decrease after 1990. Those among males from the
USA constantly decreased. Among males in the UK, decreasing
trends are observed for elderly groups and increasing trend
for younger age groups. As for Japanese males, the mortality
rate of all age groups has constantly increased for four decades.
Mortality trends of oral and pharyngeal cancer in males by age
group are shown according to year of birth (
Fig. 3). There seems
to be a group with a higher risk in the birth cohort born around
1930s in France and 1930–1940s in Italy. For males in
the other countries, marked birth cohort effects are not observed.
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Figure 2. Age-specific rates for males over 40 years of age by year of death for oral and pharyngeal in five countries, rates per 100 000.
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Figure 3. Age-specific rates for males over 40 years of age by year of birth for oral and pharyngeal cancer in five countries, rates per 100 000.
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Mortality trends of oral and pharyngeal cancer in females by
age group are shown according to year of death (
Fig. 4). For
age specific mortality rates, there seems to be no noticeable
change in Japan except in elderly groups. A similar pattern
of mortality rates is observed in Italy. Constantly decreasing
trends are observed for all age groups in the UK and in elderly
groups in France. As for females from the USA, mortality rates
have decreased for all age groups since 1980. On the other hand,
increasing trends are observed in young females from France
and in elderly females from Japan. Mortality trends of oral
and pharyngeal cancer for females by age group are shown according
to year of birth (
Fig. 5). There seems to be no specific birth
cohort effect in any of the five countries involved in this
analysis.
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Figure 4. Age-specific rates for females over 40 years of age by year of death for oral and pharyngeal cancer in five countries, rates per 100 000.
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Figure 5. Age specific rates for females over 40 years of age by year of birth for oral and pharyngeal cancer in five countries, rates per 100 000.
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Note: Original data is downloaded from the WHO Mortality Database
(version as of Feb. 2004). The data was then tabulated by I
Yoshimi with 140–148 (ICD-7), 140–149 (ICD-8), 140–149
(ICD-9), and C00-C14 (ICD-10). Responsibility for this presentation
and interpretation lies with the authors, not the WHO Mortality
Database.
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