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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007 37(2):157-159; doi:10.1093/jjco/hym003
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© 2007 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research

Comparison of Time Trends in Cancer Incidence (1973–1997) in East Asia, Europe and USA, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV–VIII

Kota Katanoda and Tomomi Marugame

Cancer Information Services and Surveillance Division
Center for Cancer Control and Information Services
National Cancer Center

Time trends of age-standardized rate (ASR) of cancer incidence (ICD-10: C00-C96) were compared among 18 selected cancer registries and ethnic/racial groups in Asia, Europe, and USA. Background information of selected cancer registries was shown in Table 1. Data source was the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV–VIII (year at diagnosis: 1973–77, 78–82, 83–87, 88–92, and 93–97, respectively). World population was used for age-standardization.


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  		Table 1. Background information of 18 cancer registries and ethnic/racial groups in East Asia, Europe, and USA

 
Figure 1 shows time trends of ASR of cancer incidence for males. In East Asia, the three registries (Miyagi, Nagasaki, and Osaka) in Japan showed an increasing trend from 1973–77 to 1993–97. Shanghai (China) showed a decreasing trend, while Hong Kong (China) showed an increase until the period 1983–87 and then decreased. In the most recent period (1993–97), Nagasaki showed higher ASRs and Shanghai (China) showed lower ASRs compared with the other registries in East Asia. In Europe, Bas-Rhin (France), Varese (Italy), Denmark, and West Midlands (England) showed an increasing trend, and the increase seemed to be slowing down recently. South Thames (England) showed no clear change and Sweden showed a slow increase. In the most recent period (1993–97), those registries in Europe can be grouped into three; Bas-Rhin (France) and Varese (Italy) are high, Denmark and West Midlands (England) are middle, and South Thames (England) and Sweden are low ASR groups. In USA, black (SEER) showed a sharp increase, while white (SEER) showed an increase until the period 1988–92 and then decreased. Note that a previously reported peak in ASR of cancer incidence for US black and white (in 1992 for white, in 1993 for black) (1) was not observed in this report, since the incidence rates were averaged across five years. East Asian people in USA (Hawaii and Los Angels) showed an increasing trend except for Chinese in LA, which showed a slow decrease recently. Black in USA consistently showed higher ASRs than white and East Asian people in USA. White in USA showed consistently higher ASRs than East Asian people in USA.


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  		Figure 1. Time trends in age-standardized cancer incidence rate (ICD-10: C00-C96) in 18 cancer registries in East Asia, Europe, and USA, males.

 
Figure 2 shows time trends of ASR of cancer incidence for females. Females showed lower ASR than males except for Denmark, which showed similar ASRs for males and females. In East Asia, the three registries in Japan showed a slow increase, while the two registries in China showed no clear tendency. In Europe, there was a continuous increasing trend in all the registries except for West Midlands (England), which showed a decrease in the most recent period. Denmark showed higher ASRs than the others. In USA, black and white (SEER), Chinese in Hawaii, and Japanese in LA showed an increasing trend since the period 1978–82. Japanese in Hawaii, and Chinese and Koreans in LA showed no clear tendency. As in the case of males, black and white females (SEER) showed higher ASRs than East Asian females in USA. Unlike males, white females showed slightly higher ASR than black females in USA.


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  		Figure 2. Time trends in age-standardized cancer incidence rate (ICD-10: C00-C96) in 18 cancer registries in East Asia, Europe, and USA, females. Note: Data were downloaded from IARC CANCER Mondial Statistical Information System (http://www-dep.iarc.fr/). Data of number of incidence and population for Vol. IV–VIII were extracted from the file named CI5I-VIII_September_2005.ZIP and tabulated by the authors of this article. Periods of year at diagnosis were representative, and they included the following exceptions: the first period was 1975 for Shanghai (China), 1974–77 for Hong Kong (China), 1975–77 for Bas-Rhin (France), 1973–76 for West Midlands (England); the second period was 1979–82 for West Midlands (England); the first period (1976–77) of Varese (Italy) was excluded because there were no data for several age groups. Note that calculated incidence rates were values averaged across five years, which could have rounded rapid annual changes (a spike or drop). Responsibility for this presentation and interpretation lies with the authors of this article. LA: Los Angeles, SEER: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results.

 


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1 Ries LAG, Wingo PA, Miller DS, Howe HL, Weir HK, Rosenberg HM, et al. (2000) The annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973–1997, with a special section on colorectal cancer. Cancer 88 2398–424.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]


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