© 2007 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
Comparison of time trends in liver cancer incidence (1973–1997) in East Asia, Europe and USA, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV–VIII
Cancer Information Services and Surveillance Division
Center for Cancer Control and Information Services
National Cancer Center
Time trends of age-standardized rate (ASR) of liver cancer incidence (ICD-10: C22) were compared between 18 selected cancer registries and ethnic/racial groups in East Asia, Europe and the USA. The data source was the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV–VIII (years at diagnosis: 1973–77, 78–82, 83–87, 88–92, and 93–97, respectively). World population was used for age standardization.
Figure 1 shows time trends of ASR of liver cancer incidence for males. East Asia except for Miyagi (Japan) showed higher ASRs than Europe and the USA during the overall study period. In three registries in Japan, an increasing trend from the 1970s to 1990s was observed. Miyagi (eastern part of Japan) showed lower ASRs than Osaka and Nagasaki (western part of Japan). The ASRs in Shanghai (China) and Hong Kong (China) showed an increasing trend from 1973–77 to 1978–82 and 1973–77 to 1983–87 respectively and then decreased. In Europe, Varese (Italy) increased continuously until the most recent period (1993–97). Bas-Rhin (France) increased until 1988–92 and then leveled off. South Thames (England), West Midlands (England), Denmark and Sweden showed a stable trend during the overall observed period. In the most recent period, Varese and Bas-Rhin showed higher ASRs than other registries in Europe. In the USA, the ASRs in white (SEER) tended to be lower than those in black (SEER) and East Asian immigrants in the USA (Hawaii and Los Angeles (LA)). Among East Asian immigrants, Korean in LA showed highest ASRs in the most recent period, while Japanese in LA showed lowest ASRs. The ASRs in Japanese immigrants (Hawaii and LA) tended to be lower than those in other East Asian immigrants. White and black in the USA, Japanese immigrants in Hawaii and Chinese immigrants in LA showed an increasing trend during recent period.
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Figure 2 shows time trends of ASR of liver cancer incidence for females. In all registries, the ASRs in females showed lower than in males. Moreover, the changes in time trends were more gradual in females than males. Similar to those in males, the ASRs in East Asian females except for Miyagi tended to be higher than females in Europe and the USA. In East Asia, the three registries in Japan showed an increasing trend from the 1970s to 1990s, while Shanghai in China showed a decreasing trend during the same period. As in the case of males, Miyagi females showed lower ASRs than Osaka females and Nagasaki females. In Europe, the ASRs for all registries showed similar level and there were no obvious changes in time trends. In the USA, white and black tended to level off during the observed period, while East Asian immigrants showed an increase in the recent period, especially for Korean in LA. White females and black females in the USA showed lower ASRs than East Asian immigrants, similar to the tendency in males.
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Note: Data were downloaded from IARC CANCER Mondial Statistical Information System (http://www-dep.iarc.fr/). Data of number of incidence and population for Vol. IV–VIII were extracted from the file named CI5I-VIII_September_2005.ZIP and tabulated by the authors of this article. Periods of year at diagnosis were representative and they included the following exceptions: the first period was 1975 for Shanghai (China), 1974–77 for Hong Kong (China), 1975–77 for Bas-Rhin (France), 1973–76 for West Midlands (England); the second period was 1979–82 for West Midlands (England); the first period (1976–77) of Varese (Italy) was excluded because there were no data for several age groups. Note that calculated incidence rates were values averaged across 5 years, which could have rounded rapid annual changes (a spike or drop). Responsibility for this presentation and interpretation lies with the authors of this article. LA: Los Angeles, SEER: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results.
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