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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009 39(4):275-276; doi:10.1093/jjco/hyp027
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© The Author (2009). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

Time Trends of Liver Cancer Incidence (1973–2002) in Asia, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vols IV–IX

Mingji Zhang

Cancer Information Services and Surveillance Division
Center for Cancer Control and Information Services
National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

Takahiro Higashi

Cancer Screening Research Division
Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening
National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

We compared time trends of age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer (ICD-10: C22) across 13 cancer registries and ethnic/racial groups in Asia. We obtained the cancer incidence data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vols IV–IX (years at diagnosis: 1973–77, 1978–82, 1983–87, 1993–97 and 1998–2002, respectively) and used the world population for age-standardization. Asia was divided into Eastern Asia (Japan and China), South-Eastern Asia (Philippines, Thailand and Singapore) and South-Central and Western Asia (India, Kuwait and Israel).

Figure 1 shows the time trends of liver cancer incidence for males. In Eastern Asia, Miyagi (Japan) had the lowest incidence through the observation period. The incidence rate in Osaka (Japan) was the highest from 1983–87 to 1998–2002. The incidence rate in Shanghai (China) decreased until 1993–97 and increased afterward. Miyagi, Osaka (Japan) and Hong Kong (China) showed the decreasing trends recently. In South-Eastern Asia, ethnic Indians in Singapore had the lowest incidence rate. From 1988 to 1992 Manila (Philippine) had the highest incidence. South-Central and Western Asia had lower incidence rate compared with the other areas. Two areas in India (Mumbai and Chennai) and Kuwait had an upward trend, but the Jews in Israel had a downward trend from 1993 to 2002.


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1. Time trends in age-standardized liver cancer incidence rate (ICD-10: C22) in 13 cancer registries in Asia, males.

 
Figure 2 shows the corresponding data for females in the same period. Since the liver cancer incidence rate among female was generally lower than those for male, the scale of Y-axis of Fig. 2 is different from that of Fig. 1. In Eastern Asia, Miyagi (Japan) had the lowest incidence through the observation period. The incidence of Osaka (Japan) was the highest from 1988–92 to 1998–2002. The incidence in Shanghai (China) had decreasing trend for the entire period. In South-Eastern Asia, Chiang Mai (Thailand) had the highest incidence. The incidence among ethnic Chinese in Singapore showed a downward trend throughout the observation period. The Chiang Mai (Thailand) and Manila (Philippine) showed the decreasing trends recently. South-Central and Western Asia had a low incidence rate compared with the other areas in observation. Kuwait and India (Mumbai) had an increase, whereas India (Chennai) and Israel had a decrease recently.


Figure 2
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  		Figure 2. Time trends in age-standardized liver cancer incidence rate (ICD-10: C22) in 13 cancer registries in Asia, females. Note: data were downloaded from IARC CANCER Mondial Statistical Information System (http://www-dep.iarc.fr/). Data were tabulated by the authors of this article. Periods of year at diagnosis were representative, and they included the following exceptions: the first period was 1974–77 for Hong Kong (China), 1975 for Shanghai (China) and 1972–76 for Jews (Israel); the second period was 1979–82 for Osaka (Japan), 1982 for Chennai (India), 1977–81 for Jews (Israel) and 1979–82 for Kuwait; the third period was 1982–86 for Jews (Israel); the fourth period was 1988–93 for Kuwait; and the fifth period was 1994–97 for Kuwait. Note that calculated incidence rates were values averaged across 5 years, which could have rounded rapid annual changes (a spike or drop). Responsibility for this presentation and interpretation lies with the authors of this article.

 


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This Article
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