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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 30:557-561 (2000)
© 2000 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research

Statistical Analysis of Geographical Features of Lung Cancer Mortality in Japan

Hiromi Kawasaki1, Kenichi Satoh2, Teruyuki Nakayama3, Naohito Yamaguchi4 and Megu Ohtaki2,+

1Department of Nursing, Hiroshima Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Mihara, Hiroshima, 2Department of Environmetrics and Biometrics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, 3Department of Health Physics, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki and 4Cancer Information and Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan

Background: There is concern about the increase in death rates from lung cancer and that it may become the leading cause of death in the near future. Considerable geographical variations exist in lung cancer mortality in Japan. It seems that the difference cannot be explained by smoking rates, although no data are available to prove this. The evidence implies some unknown risk factors in the development of lung cancer. As an alternative approach, we used geographical or demographic information according to municipality. To explore other factors in lung cancer development, the geographical features of trends in lung cancer mortality in Japan were examined using long-term data.

Methods: We summarized the 20-year municipality-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) by fitting a straight line to the scatter plot of the SMR versus calendar year for each municipality, resulting in an average and a rate of change of SMR. Using the average or rate of change in the SMR as the response variable, we carried out a multiple linear regression analysis for all of Japan and a non-parametric regression analysis for the distance from the municipal office to the nearest coastline, using the ACE algorithm.

Results: The average SMR decreased with distance from the coastline and increased with increasing population size of the municipality. The average SMR was high at or near the coastline irrespective of the direction of the nearest coastline.

Conclusions: It was considered that something related to coastline other than population size may be associated with the development of lung cancer.

+ For reprints and all corespondence: Hiromi Kawasaki, Hiroshima Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 1–1, Gakuen-machi, Mihara 723-0053, Japan


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