Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 33:527-532 (2003)
© 2003 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
Trends in the Practice of Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer in Japan: a Preliminary Patterns of Care Study Report
1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 2 Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyu School of Medicine, Naha, 3 Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 4 Department of Radiation Therapy, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka and 5 Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Background: This is the first study to examine the characteristics and changes of the patterns of radiotherapy for prostate cancer in Japan.
Methods: The Japanese Patterns of Care Study (PCS) conducted a random survey of 84 institutions nationwide. Detailed information was collected on prostate cancer patients without distant metastases, who received radiotherapy during 1996–1998 and 1999–2001.
Results: The patients were divided into three groups: The Fresh Group (n = 338) was treated with radical radiotherapy with photon beams; the Surgery Group (n = 115) was treated after prostatectomy; and the Hormone-Refractory Group (n = 117) was treated after progression from hormonal therapy. In the Fresh Group, there was a decline in the fraction of patients with T3-4 tumors, from 65.2% in 1996–1998 to 43.9% in 1999–2001. In 1999–2001, a higher median dose of 69 Gy was irradiated as compared to 65 Gy in 1996–1998. In particular, the fraction of the patients treated with doses 
70 Gy increased from 16.4% to 46.3%. In the Surgery Group, the percentage of clinical T3-4 tumors before prostatectomy decreased from 71.4% in 1996–1998 to 16.2% in 1999–2001. The median radiation dose of 60 Gy did not change, but the 1999–2001 results showed a decrease in the use of doses <60 Gy. In the Hormone-Refractory Group, the median dose increased from 60 Gy in 1996–1998 to 67 Gy in 1999–2001.
Conclusion: These data suggest that radiation doses for prostate cancer in Japan have increased dramatically within a short period of time.
+ For reprints and all correspondence: Katsumasa Nakamura, Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3–1–1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. E-mail: nakam{at}radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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