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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Advance Access published online on June 29, 2005
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi114
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© 2005 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
Received February 15, 2005
Accepted May 15, 2005

Original Article

Evaluation Based on Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence Among Japanese Populations: Tobacco Smoking and Total Cancer Risk

Manami Inoue 1*, Ichiro Tsuji 2, Kenji Wakai 3, Chisato Nagata 4, Tetsuya Mizoue 5, Keitaro Tanaka 6, Shoichiro Tsugane 1, and Research Group for the Development Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan

1 Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
2 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
3 Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
4 Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
5 Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
6 Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Manami Inoue, E-mail: mnminoue{at}gan2.res.ncc.go.jp


  Abstract

Background: We evaluated the association between tobacco smoking and total cancer risk among Japanese populations based on a systematic review of epidemiological evidence.

Methods: Original data were obtained from searches of MEDLINE using PubMed, complemented with manual searches. Evaluation of associations was based on the strength of evidence and the magnitude of association, together with biological plausibility as previously evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Meta-analysis of associations was also conducted to obtain summary estimates of association.

Results: A total of eight cohort studies were identified. In men, all studies consistently showed a moderately increased risk of total cancer in current smokers compared with never-smokers. In women, an increase in risk was seen but was weaker than in men. The summary relative risk was estimated as 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.41-1.65).

Conclusion: We conclude that there is convincing evidence that current tobacco smoking moderately increases the risk ({approx}1.5 times) of total cancer in the Japanese population compared with never-smoking Japanese.

Keywords: systematic review; epidemiology; tobacco smoking; total cancer; Japanese.
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