Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Advance Access published online on June 27, 2006
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, doi:10.1093/jjco/hyl056
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1 Japanese PCS Working Subgroup of Breast Cancer, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Background: Three prospective randomized clinical trials (RCT) in the 1990s demonstrated the survival benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The present study was performed to evaluate whether the Patterns of Care Study (PCS) fulfills a role in monitoring the patterns of changes in clinical practices in Japan. Methods: The first survey (JPCS-1) involved 79 Japanese facilities by two-stage cluster sampling of facilities and patients, and was carried out during 1998-2000. JPCS-1 included 1124 patients with breast cancer who were treated between 1995 and 1997. The second survey (JPCS-2) was carried out during 2001-2003, involving 827 patients who were treated between 1999 and 2001 in 76 facilities. Results: Patients with adverse risk factors, including pathologically axillary positive nodes ( Conclusions: The eligibility and the target volume for PMRT were influenced by the outcome of RCT, but the quality of radiotherapy did not improve sufficiently. The PCS survey is useful to monitor the changes in patterns of clinical practice and can clarify some problems with radiotherapy techniques.
Received March 18, 2006
Accepted April 30, 2006
Original Article
Patterns of Care Study for Postmastectomy Radiotherapy in Japan: Its Role in Monitoring the Patterns of Changes in Practice
Naoto Shikama 1 *,
Michihide Mitsumori 2,
Chikako Yamauchi 2,
Hideki Takekawa 3,
Kazukiyo Arakawa 4,
Shigeru Sasaki 1,
and
Teruki Teshima 3
2 Japanese PCS Working Subgroup of Breast Cancer, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
3 Japanese PCS Working Subgroup of Breast Cancer, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; Department of Medical Engineering, Oosaka University Faculty of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
4 Japanese PCS Working Subgroup of Breast Cancer, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; Department of Radiology, Ina General Hospital, Ina, Nagano, Japan
Naoto Shikama, E-mail: shikama{at}hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
Abstract 
4) and/or advanced primary disease (pT3-4) accounted for 57% of the patients who received PMRT in JPCS-1 and 72% of those in JPCS-2 (P = 0.039). The multiple radiotherapy target volume including the chest wall and regional lymph nodes was applied in 18% of the patients in JPCS-1 and 44% of those in JPCS-2 (P < 0.001). However, the dose distribution was calculated in only 42% of the patients in both surveys (P = 0.467).
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