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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Advance Access published online on November 30, 2007
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, doi:10.1093/jjco/hym130
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© 2007 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research

Successful Treatment of Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation from Haploidentical Sibling

Atsushi Nonami1,, Toshihiro Miyamoto1,2, Mika Kuroiwa3, Yuya Kunisaki1, Kenjiro Kamezaki1, Katsuto Takenaka1, Naoki Harada1, Takanori Teshima2, Mine Harada1 and Koji Nagafuji1

1 Medicine and Biosystemic Science
2 Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
3 Department of Hematology, National Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan

For reprints and all correspondence: Atsushi Nonami, First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; E-mail: anonamin{at}yahoo.co.jp

Received July 25, 2007; accepted September 2, 2007

Primary plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm of plasma cell dyscrasia. Conventional chemotherapy is usually ineffective, with an overall survival of only 8 months. Here, we describe a 42-year-old man with primary PCL, who was successfully treated with haploidentical (2-HLA loci mismatched) haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). To overcome the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) disparity, in vivo T-cell purging by the pre-transplant administration of antithymocyte globulin followed by a conventional prophylactic treatment against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) resulted in an avoidance of severe GVHD as well as infectious complications. The patient has maintained complete remission for 13 months after haploidentical HSCT, indicating that a graft-versus-PCL effect might be preserved. Haploidentical HSCT can be a potentially curative treatment for patients with primary PCL who do not have an HLA-identical donor.

Key Words: plasma cell leukaemia • haploidentical • stem cell transplantation • ATG


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