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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Advance Access published online on November 16, 2008
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn132
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© The Author (2008). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

Recent Advances in Cancer Vaccines: An Overview

Kyogo Itoh1,2, Akira Yamada1,2, Takashi Mine1,2,3 and Masanori Noguchi1,2,4

1 Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy
2 Division of Cancer Vaccine at the Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy
3 Multidisciplinary Treatment Center
4 Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan

For reprints and all correspondence: Kyogo Itoh, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan. E-mail: kyogo{at}med.kurume-u.ac.jp

Received September 30, 2008; accepted October 22, 2008

The field of cancer vaccines is currently in an active state of clinical investigations. Human papilloma virus vaccine has been approved as a prophylactic cancer vaccine, while Oncophage (heat shock protein-peptide complex) was recently approved in Russia for a certain stage of kidney cancer, although to date none has been approved in Japan or the USA. We reviewed recent clinical trials of several different types of cancer vaccines, mainly by using PubMed from 2005 to 2008. There have been slow but substantial advances in peptide vaccines and dendritic cell-based vaccines with regard to both clinical responses and immunological markers. A personalized approach to boost immune responses, addition of chemotherapy to overcome robust cancers and changing of endpoints from tumor reduction to overall survival seem to be the three key elements for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Key Words: cancer vaccine • peptide vaccine • dendritic cell vaccine • immune responses • clinical responses


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